Install Python on Mac (Pip & Conda)

标签（空格分隔）：运维

PIP

1. Update macOS

Before you start, make sure your macOS is up-to-date:

Click on the Apple menu in the top-left corner.
Select “System Preferences” > “Software Update”.
Install any available updates.

2. Install Homebrew

Homebrew is a package manager for macOS that simplifies the installation of software.

Open Terminal.

Install Homebrew by running:

/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"

Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the installation.

3. Install Python

Install Python:
- With Homebrew, you can install Python by running:
```
brew install python
```
- Homebrew installs Python 3.x by default. Verify the installation:
```
python3 --version
```
Set Up pip:
- ```
pip
```
  is the package installer for Python. It should be installed along with Python. Verify it with:
```
pip3 --version
```

4. Set the Global Index URL

Use the following command to configure pip3 to use the SJTU mirror as the default index URL:

pip3 config set global.index-url https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple

This command updates the pip3 configuration to use the SJTU mirror for all package installations.

5. Verify the Configuration

To ensure that the configuration has been set correctly, you can check the current index URL with:

pip3 config get global.index-url

The output should be:

https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple

4. Set Up a Virtual Environment

Now, when you install packages using pip3, it will use the SJTU mirror by default.

Use pip to install virtualenv:

pip3 install virtualenv

Create a Virtual Environment:

Navigate to your project directory:
```
cd path/to/your/project
```
Create a virtual environment and create a ‘my_env’ folder in proj. Directory:
```
python3 -m venv my_venv
```
Activate the virtual environment:
```
source my_venv/bin/activate
```
Your terminal prompt will change to indicate that the virtual environment is active.

Deactivate the Virtual Environment:

To deactivate, simply run:
```
deactivate
```

5. Install an IDE or Code Editor

Choose an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) or code editor to write and manage your Python code. Popular choices include:

Visual Studio Code:
```
brew install --cask visual-studio-code
```
- Install the Python extension from the VS Code Marketplace.
PyCharm:
```
brew install --cask pycharm
```
- PyCharm has both a Professional (paid) and Community (free) edition.

6. Install Additional Tools (Optional)

Depending on your needs, you might want to install additional tools:

Git (version control):
```
brew install git
```
Node.js (if you’re working with full-stack development):
```
brew install node
```
Docker (for containerization):
```
brew install --cask docker
```

7. Test Your Setup

Create a simple Python script to ensure everything is working:
```
# hello.py
print("Hello, world!")
```
Run the script using:
```
python3 hello.py
```

You should see “Hello, world!” printed to the terminal.

This setup will get you started with Python development on your new Mac. If you encounter any issues, make sure to check the documentation for the tools you’re using or seek help from the community forums.

Conda vs Pip

Conda：
- 整合性： Conda 提供了环境管理和包管理的一体化解决方案，简化了工作流程。
- 环境和包的统一管理： 环境和包都由 Conda 管理，减少了管理上的复杂性和潜在的兼容性问题。
- 支持多语言： 除了 Python，Conda 还可以管理其他语言和工具的包。
Pip：
- 分离性： 环境管理和包管理由不同的工具（venv/virtualenv 和 pip）分别处理。
- 灵活性： 通过组合使用 venv/virtualenv 和 pip，可以实现对 Python 包的精细管理，但需要额外的配置和操作。
- 专注 Python： 主要关注 Python 包的管理，不支持非 Python 的依赖项。

在实际使用中，选择 Conda 还是 pip 主要取决于你的需求和项目复杂性。如果你需要一个全面的环境和包管理解决方案，Conda 是一个好的选择。而如果你更倾向于使用 Python 官方工具和喜欢灵活配置，使用 pip 和虚拟环境工具的组合可能更适合。

Conda on Mac

1. Install Conda

a. Download and Install Miniconda

Miniconda is a minimal installer for Conda. It provides the Conda package manager and a basic Python installation without the additional packages that come with Anaconda. This is often preferred to avoid unnecessary bloat and to get a more customizable setup.

Download Miniconda for macOS (M1 chip):
- Go to the Miniconda download page.
- Download the macOS ARM64 (Apple Silicon) version of the Miniconda installer. The file should be named something like Miniconda3-latest-MacOSX-arm64.sh.
Open Terminal and navigate to the directory where the installer was downloaded.
Run the installer:
```
bash Miniconda3-latest-MacOSX-arm64.sh
```
Follow the installation prompts:
- Press Enter to review the license agreement, then type yes to accept it.
- Choose the installation location (the default is usually fine).
- Allow the installer to initialize Miniconda by adding it to your PATH.
Close and reopen Terminal to activate the changes, or run:
```
source ~/.bash_profile
```
or
```
source ~/.zshrc
```
depending on your shell.

b. Verify the Installation

Check if Conda is installed correctly by running:

conda --version

This should display the Conda version number.

2. Set Up Conda

a. Update Conda

It’s a good idea to update Conda to ensure you have the latest features and fixes:

conda update conda

b. Create a New Conda Environment

Creating isolated environments allows you to manage dependencies for different projects separately:

conda create --name myenv python=3.10

Replace myenv with your desired environment name and 3.10 with the desired Python version.

c. Activate the Environment

Activate the new environment:

conda activate myenv

d. Install Packages

With your environment activated, you can now install packages using Conda:

conda install numpy pandas matplotlib

You can also install packages from conda-forge or other channels if needed:

conda install -c conda-forge some-package

e. Deactivate the Environment

To deactivate the environment and return to the base environment:

conda deactivate

3. (Optional) Install Additional Tools

Install mamba: An alternative to Conda that can be faster for resolving dependencies.
```
conda install mamba -c conda-forge
```
Set Up Jupyter Notebook: If you work with notebooks, you can install Jupyter:
```
conda install jupyter
```

4. Managing Environments

List Environments: To see a list of all Conda environments:
```
conda env list
```
Remove an Environment: To delete an environment:
```
conda remove --name myenv --all
```

By following these steps, you’ll have Conda set up on your new Mac with an M1 chip, and you’ll be ready to manage your Python environments and packages efficiently.

Anaconda

Refer the link: https://medium.com/@GalarnykMichael/install-python-on-mac-anaconda-ccd9f2014072

The tutorial for installing pycharm and anaconda is here.

As I’m now transfering from PC to Mac, I’m getting used to work on Mac, which is a suffering process. Oah…

Install Python on Mac (Pip & Conda)

Install Python on Mac (Pip & Conda)#

PIP#

1. Update macOS#

2. Install Homebrew#

3. Install Python#

4. Set the Global Index URL#

5. Verify the Configuration#

4. Set Up a Virtual Environment#

5. Install an IDE or Code Editor#

6. Install Additional Tools (Optional)#

7. Test Your Setup#

Conda vs Pip#

Conda on Mac#

1. Install Conda#

2. Set Up Conda#

3. (Optional) Install Additional Tools#

4. Managing Environments#

Anaconda#

Install Python on Mac (Pip & Conda)

PIP

1. Update macOS

2. Install Homebrew

3. Install Python

4. Set the Global Index URL

5. Verify the Configuration

4. Set Up a Virtual Environment

5. Install an IDE or Code Editor

6. Install Additional Tools (Optional)

7. Test Your Setup

Conda vs Pip

Conda on Mac

1. Install Conda

2. Set Up Conda

3. (Optional) Install Additional Tools

4. Managing Environments

Anaconda