常用数学符号的 LaTeX 表示方法

常用数学符号的 LaTeX 表示方法

My notes:

空格间隙设置表:

** 两个quad空格**a \qquad b$a \qquad b$两个m的宽度
quad空格a \quad b$a \quad b$一个m的宽度
大空格a\ b$a\ b$1/3m宽度
中等空格a;b$a;b$2/7m宽度
小空格a,b$a,b$1/6m宽度
没有空格ab$ab,$
紧贴a!b$a!b$缩进1/6m宽度

正下方的下标 $\min \limits_{a,b} a x^2 + 2b$ : $\min \limits_{a,b} a x^2 + 2b$

** Mathematical Fonts **

Let $ \mathcal{T} $ be a topological space, a basis is defined as
 \mathcal{B} = \{B_{\alpha} \in \mathcal{T}\, |\,  U = \bigcup B_{\alpha} \forall U \in \mathcal{T} \}

Let $ \mathcal{T} $ be a topological space, a basis is defined as $ \mathcal{B} = {B_{\alpha} \in \mathcal{T}, |, U = \bigcup B_{\alpha} \forall U \in \mathcal{T} } $

Several fonts require the addition of the line \usepackage{amssymb} to the preamble to work. Open overleaf example

Capital letters-only font typefaces

There are some font typefaces that support only a limited number of characters; these fonts usually denote some special sets.

\begin{align*}
RQSZ \\
\mathcal{RQSZ} \\
\mathfrak{RQSZ} \\
\mathbb{RQSZ}
\end{align*}

This example shows Calligraphic, Fraktur and Blackboard bold typefaces. For instance, to display the R in blackboard bold typeface $\mathbb{R}$ will do the trick.

Other mathematical fonts

It’s possible to set a different font family for a complete mathematical expression.

\begin{align*}
3x^2 \in R \subset Q \\
\mathnormal{3x^2 \in R \subset Q} \\
\mathrm{3x^2 \in R \subset Q} \\
\mathit{3x^2 \in R \subset Q} \\
\mathbf{3x^2 \in R \subset Q} \\
\mathsf{3x^2 \in R \subset Q} \\
\mathtt{3x^2 \in R \subset Q} 
\end{align*}

Matrix equation:

 \begin{bmatrix} \Phi_{11} & \Phi_{12} \\ \Phi_{21} & \Phi_{22} \end{bmatrix}
 =
 \frac{1}{\det(X)}
  \begin{bmatrix}
   X_{22} Y_{11} - X_{12} Y_{21} &
   X_{22} Y_{12} - X_{12} Y_{22} \\
   X_{11} Y_{21} - X_{21} Y_{11} &
   X_{11} Y_{22} - X_{21} Y_{12} 
   \end{bmatrix}

$$ \begin{bmatrix} \Phi_{11} & \Phi_{12} \ \Phi_{21} & \Phi_{22} \end{bmatrix}

\frac{1}{\det(X)} \begin{bmatrix} X_{22} Y_{11} - X_{12} Y_{21} & X_{22} Y_{12} - X_{12} Y_{22} \ X_{11} Y_{21} - X_{21} Y_{11} & X_{11} Y_{22} - X_{21} Y_{12} \end{bmatrix} $$

Further reading

摘自“一份不太简短的 LATEX2e 介绍”

1、指数和下标可以用^和_后加相应字符来实现。比如:

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2、平方根(square root)的输入命令为:\sqrt,n 次方根相应地为: \sqrt[n]。方根符号的大小由LATEX自动加以调整。也可用\surd 仅给出 符号。比如:

img

3、命令\overline 和\underline 在表达式的上、下方画出水平线。比如:

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4、命令\overbrace 和\underbrace 在表达式的上、下方给出一水平的大括号。

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5、向量(Vectors)通常用上方有小箭头(arrow symbols)的变量表示。这可由\vec 得到。另两个命令\overrightarrow 和\overleftarrow在定义从A 到B 的向量时非常有用。

img

6、分数(fraction)使用\frac{…}{…} 排版。一般来说,1/2 这种形式更受欢迎,因为对于少量的分式,它看起来更好些。

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7、积分运算符(integral operator)用\int 来生成。求和运算符(sum operator)由\sum 生成。乘积运算符(product operator)由\prod 生成。上限和下限用^ 和_来生成,类似于上标和下标。

img

以下提供一些常用符号的表示方法

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The great list of all symbols:

biblatex_citation_styles

Superscript citations in numeric-comp style

o

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